Random Number Generator

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Random Number Generator

This version of the generator creates a random integer. It can deal with very large integers up to a few thousand digits.

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Comprehensive Version

This version of the generator can create one or many random integers or decimals. It can deal with very large numbers with up to 999 digits of precision.

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What Is a Random Number?

A random number is chosen from a pool of limited or unlimited numbers with no discernible pattern that would allow it to be predicted. Numbers in the pool are generally treated as independent, although a pool may follow a particular distribution. For example, students' heights at a school tend to cluster around the median height. A randomly selected student's height is therefore more likely to be near the median than at an extreme. The generators above treat results as independent and evenly distributed across the selected range.

How Random Number Generators Work

A random number generator is a device or program that produces one or more numbers within a defined range. Generators can be hardware-based or pseudo-random. Hardware-based methods may use physical processes or devices, such as dice or coin flips.

A pseudo-random number generator uses an algorithm to produce a sequence whose properties approximate those of random numbers. Computer-based generators are usually pseudo-random, so their output is not truly random. The generators on this page are pseudo-random as well. They are suitable for many everyday uses, but should not be used for cryptographic purposes.

True random numbers can be derived from physical phenomena such as atmospheric or thermal noise and other quantum phenomena. Systems that measure these phenomena also need to account for possible bias in the measurement process.

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